岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 44–55.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260204

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地富满油田走滑断裂演化特征及其对油气运聚的影响

常少英1,2(), 董科良1,3(), 曾溅辉1,3, 杨冀宁1,3, 王孟修2, 刘玲利2   

  1. 1 中国石油大学（北京） 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室， 北京 102249
    2 中国石油杭州地质研究院， 杭州 310023
    3 中国石油大学（北京） 地球科学学院， 北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28 修回日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-02-10
  • 第一作者:常少英（1983—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事地质地球物理综合研究方面的工作。地址：（310023）浙江省杭州市西湖区西溪路920号。Email：csy991@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 董科良（1998—），男，中国石油大学（北京）在读博士研究生，研究方向为油气成藏与富集规律。Email：Dkliange@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气集团有限公司基础性前瞻性重大科技专项“叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏与保持机制研究”(2023ZZ02);中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩专项项目“碳酸盐岩油气富集规律及有利区带研究”(2023ZZ16-01);与“海相碳酸盐岩油气规模增储上产与勘探开发技术研究”(2023ZZ16YJ02)

Tectonic evolution of strike-slip faults and its impact on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Fuman Oilfield， Tarim Basin

CHANG Shaoying1,2(), DONG Keliang1,3(), ZENG Jianhui1,3, YANG Jining1,3, WANG Mengxiu2, LIU Lingli2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering， China University of Petroleum （Beijing）， Beijing 102249， China
    2 Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology， PetroChina， Hangzhou 310023， China
    3 College of Geosciences， China University of Petroleum （Beijing）， Beijing 102249， China
  • Received:2025-02-28 Revised:2025-04-16 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-02-10

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摘要：

塔里木盆地富满油田走滑断裂多期活动对深层—超深层油气运聚具有显著控制作用。通过对富满油田三维地震资料的解释，刻画了FI 5、FI 7、FI 16和FI 17断裂的构造特征及演化过程，并分析了4条断裂对油气运聚成藏的影响。研究结果表明：①塔里木盆地富满油田FI 5、FI 7、FI 16和FI 17断裂主要经历了加里东早期、加里东中期Ⅰ幕、加里东中期Ⅲ幕与加里东晚期—海西早期4个演化阶段。其中加里东中期Ⅰ幕与加里东中期Ⅲ幕是主要活动期，FI 5和FI 17断裂在该时期的活动性相对FI 7和FI 16断裂更强，FI 16断裂活动整体最弱。②FI 5和FI 17断裂具有通源输导作用，且改善了储集性，FI 7断裂不通源，但输导性和储集改善能力较好，FI 16断裂通源性、输导性和储集改善能力均较差。③加里东晚期，油气沿FI 5和FI 17断裂发生了一定规模的垂向充注，沿FI 7断裂很少发生运聚，沿FI 16断裂垂向充注的规模也相对较小。海西晚期，油气沿FI 5和FI 17断裂发生了大规模垂向运聚成藏。FI 7断裂不通源，油气很少沿FI 7断裂发生垂向运聚，可能发生过侧向运聚成藏，并具有一定规模，而沿FI 16断裂垂向运聚成藏的规模较小。④喜马拉雅期，富满地区东部下寒武统烃源岩进入过成熟生气阶段，中寒武统膏盐岩层未形成有效遮挡，FI 16和FI 17断裂附近的油气藏发生了明显的气洗作用，气油比整体升高。

关键词: 走滑断裂, 构造演化, 通源性, 油气运聚, 加里东运动, 下古生界, 富满油田, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Multi-stage activities of strike-slip faults of Fuman Oilfield in Tarim Basin significantly control hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in deep to ultra-deep reservoirs. Based on 3D seismic data interpretation of Fuman Oilfield， structural characteristics and tectonic evolution of FI 5 fault， FI 7 fault， FI 16 fault， and FI 17 fault were delineated， and their influences on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation were analyzed. The results show that： （1） FI 5 fault， FI 7 fault， FI 16 fault， and FI 17 fault primarily underwent four stages of tectonic evolution： Early Caledonian， episode Ⅰ of middle Caledonian， episode Ⅲ of middle Caledonian， and late Caledonian-early Hercynian. Among them， episode Ⅰ of middle Caledonian and episode Ⅲ of middle Caledonian were the main active periods. FI 5 fault and FI 17 fault were more active than FI 7 fault and FI 16 fault, with FI 16 fault exhibi-ting the weakest activity. （2） FI 5 fault and FI 17 fault have source connectivity and improve the reservoir property. FI 7 fault has no source connectivity， but its conductivity and reservoir improvement ability are good， while FI 16 fault has poor source connectivity， conductivity, and reservoir improvement ability. （3） During late Caledonian， oil and gas underwent certain scale vertical charging along FI 5 fault and FI 17 fault， while migration and enrichment rarely occurred along FI 7 fault， and the scale of vertical charging along FI 16 fault zone was relatively small. In late Hercynian， large-scale vertical hydrocarbon migration and accumulation occurred along FI 5 fault and FI 17 fault. FI 7 fault did not connect to hydrocarbon source， resulting in limited vertical migration and accumulation of oil and gas along it. Lateral migration and accumulation may have occurred and had a certain scale， while the scale of vertical migration and accumulation along FI 16 fault was relatively small. （4） During Himalayan， Lower Cambrian source rocks in the eastern part of Fuman area entered the over-mature gas generation stage. While Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layers failed to form an effective seal， leading to significant gas washing in petroleum reservoirs near FI 16 fault and FI 17 fault， resulting in an overall increase in gas-oil ratio.

Key words: strike-slip fault, tectonic evolution, source connectivity, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, Caledonian movement, Lower Paleozoic, Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

塔里木盆地富满油田下古生界走滑断裂展布特征（据文献[7]修改）"

图2

塔里木盆地下古生界岩性地层综合柱状图（据文献[20]修改）"

图3

塔里木盆地富满油田中奥陶世末期4个重点走滑断裂平面展布特征（据文献[32]修改）"

图4

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂构造特征（测线位置见图3） （a） FI 5断裂南段果勒3井三维地震剖面；（b） FI 5断裂北段跃满20-1X井三维地震剖面；（c） FI 7断裂跃满601井三维地震剖面；（d） FI 7断裂跃满2-5X井三维地震剖面；（e） FI 16断裂玉科3井三维地震剖面；（f） FI 16断裂玉科301-H1井三维地震剖面；（g） FI 17断裂南段满深1井三维地震剖面；（h） FI 17断裂南段满深3井三维地震剖面。"

图5

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂过井剖面垂直断距对比"

图6

塔里木盆地富满油田FI 17断裂寒武系—志留系底界面平面展布特征（据文献[14]修改）"

图7

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂演化过程（据文献[32]修改）"

表1

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩层变形强度统计"

断裂 井名 错断距离/m 变形强度
FI 5 跃满20-1 X 38.79 0.09
果勒301 H 33.93 0.10
果勒3-H12 41.78 0.06
FI 7 跃满2-5 X — —
跃满5-1 — —
跃满601 — —
FI 16 玉科301-H1 17.55 0.08
玉科3 23.40 0.04
玉科3-H2 16.01 0.03
FI 17 满深1-H2 60.51 0.40
满深1 47.01 0.73
满深4 49.98 0.18

表2

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂中寒武统膏盐岩层变形强度统计"

断裂 井名 厚度/m 错断距离/m 变形强度
FI 5 跃满20-1 X 492.49 36.90 0.05
果勒3-H12 468.22 60.67 0.11
果勒3 460.69 57.50 0.08
FI 7 跃满2-5 X 465.21 26.23 0.09
跃满5-1 451.24 48.16 0.18
跃满601 486.72 17.54 0.02
FI 16 玉科301-H1 417.77 23.88 0.05
玉科3 435.26 19.79 0.04
玉科3-H2 418.36 12.56 0.03
FI 17 满深502 H 1 017.53 51.77 0.31
满深3 1 014.78 49.85 0.18
满深1 982.20 162.98 0.75

表3

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂单井漏失量与储集系数统计"

断裂 井名 漏失量/m3 储集系数
FI 5 跃满20-H3 1 482.40 1.23
跃满20 C 505.40 0.42
果勒3-H3 1 487.82 1.23
果勒3-H12 1 057.45 0.88
FI 7 跃满2-5 X 1 587.60 1.32
跃满10 845.61 0.70
跃满5-4 X 749.15 0.62
跃满601 215.10 0.18
FI 16 玉科301-H5 625.90 0.52
玉科301 552.32 0.46
玉科3 967.29 0.80
玉科3-H2 431.88 0.36
FI 17 满深502 H 1 761.45 1.42
满深3 2 463.00 2.04
满深1-H2 1 360.84 1.13
满深4 470.00 0.39

图8

塔里木盆地富满油田4个重点走滑断裂孔洞发育模式（据文献[32]修改）"

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